Effect of citric acid (CA) priming and exogenous application on germination and early seedling growth of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) plants under salinity stress condition

Salinity is a significant barrier to the healthy germination of seeds, development seedlings and ultimately yield crops. tolerance can be effectively induced through seed priming exogenous application various treatment agents. The vegetable crop okra well-liked one worldwide. Literature shows that salt stress negatively disturbs growth plants. In present research, we investigated effects citric acid (CA) as agents alleviate salinity-inhibited early seeds were pretreated with CA (1 mM 2 mM) soaked in distilled water (control) for 60 min. Germinated grown hydroponic solution subjected (50 100 NaCl) three independent replications same concentrations exogenously sprayed. Our results showed that, 1 significantly produced highest percentage (GP), index (GI), energy (GE), vigor (SVI), radicle length weight, hypocotyl number lateral roots while decreased mean time compared control treatment. Additionally, findings demonstrated dramatically reduced root shoot length, plant height, fresh weight dry relative content (RWC). Under stress, addition increased RWC, height. These provide information improves parameters treatments improve tolerance, seedling characteristics okra. Therefore, our suggest utilized agent reducing impacts promoting